Abandoned Pb Zn mining wastes and their mobility as proxy to toxicity: A review

摘要: Lead and zinc (PbZn) mines are a common occurrence worldwide; while approximately 240 active, the vast majority have been abandoned for decades. Abandoned mining wastes represent serious environmental hazard, as Pb, Zn associated metals continuously released into environment, threatening health of humans affecting ecosystems. Iron sulfide minerals, when present, can form acid mine drainage increase toxicity by mobilizing more bioavailable forms. Remediation metal waste is costly and, in case wastes, responsible party(ies) cleanup be difficult to determine, which makes remediation complex lengthy process. In this review, we provide ground from wide variety investigations about concentrations, chemical associations, potential mobility cadmium (Cd) near PbZn mines. Comparing results challenging task, instead one standard methodology, there 4-5 different methods reported. Results show that, general consensus, content soils sediments vary roughly around 1000mg/kg Zn, 100 Pb 10 Cd, mobilities Cd>Zn>Pb. Also, function pH, particle size, formation secondary minerals. New novel techniques continue developed laboratories but seldom applied field. at most sites has consisted neutralization (e.g. lime,) discharge, leveling followed phytostabilization. latter, amendments biochar, fertilizers) added boost efficiency treatment. Any method tested before being implemented best treatment site-specific. Potential treatments described compared.