Individual and collective exposure to political violence: Palestinian adolescents coping with conflict

摘要: Background: We conducted a survey of Palestinian adolescents in school. hypothesized that collective and individual exposures to violence would both negatively affect adolescents' mental health. also anticipated the negative effect on health be less than exposures. Our analysis was designed test these hypotheses. Methods: A representative sample 3415 students 10th 11th grades from Ramallah District West Bank participated survey. The primary independent variables were scales trauma/violence (ETV) by Israeli military settlers. Factor revealed several sub-scales. Outcome measures constructed included: binary measure depressive-like states, emotional, state, somatic scales. Several identified as possible covariates: gender, age, school-type, residence, employment status father, identity documents held. Results: Logistic multiple regression analyses strong relationship between ETV health, with having effects. There higher prevalence symptoms among girls compared boys, living refugee camps those cities, towns villages. Conclusion: findings confirmed our hypothesis independently adolescents. Contrary expectations, did not consistently have greater outcomes exposures, although sub-scale direct personal showed strongest results emphasize importance going beyond experiences including violation when analyzing violent traumatic contexts.