Crises and Their Effects on Freight Transport Modes: A Literature Review and Research Framework

摘要: Learning from the effects of past crises allows transport sector to handle future effectively and proactively The goal this paper is identify classify types that have hit Europe in previous 20 years these on freight modes Moreover, further research each mode derived To reach goal, we conducted a systematic literature review by using five well-known databases, which resulted 296 search results, 29 references were relevant We identified four Europe: 2008 financial crisis, 2015 migration 2020 COVID-19 ongoing climate crisis However, different can be both positive (e g , introduction new maritime slow-steaming service) or negative reduction safety) insights, gaps, directions will encourage researchers, as well practitioners, learn prepared for proactive actions during crises, thus contributing more reliable sustainable transportation systems