A brief history of the development of mannequin simulators for clinical education and training

摘要: Simulation for medical and healthcare applications, although still in a relatively nascent stage of development, already has history that can inform the process further research dissemination. The development mannequin simulators used education, training, is reviewed, tracing motivations, evolution to commercial availability, efforts toward assessment efficacy those teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cardiology skills, anaesthesia clinical crisis management. A brief overview procedural part-task trainers also presented, contrasting two domains suggesting thorough 20+ types simulator technologies would provide useful perspective. There been little cross fertilisation ideas methods between domains. Enhanced interaction investigators integration simulation be beneficial dissemination concepts their applications.