Surveillance of hepatitis B: an example of a vaccine preventable disease

摘要: Abstract The objectives of surveillance for vaccine preventable disease vary with the stage vaccination programme. Pre-implementation data is required to estimate burden and decide on appropriate strategy. Post-implementation monitor effectiveness but when high coverage achieved must be able accurately identify remaining pockets susceptible persons. Sources include clinical laboratory reporting. In most countries, all diseases (including acute viral hepatitis) are notifiable by law. Such systems prone under-reporting usually satisfactory monitoring trends. To encourage rapid tracing contacts hepatitis B, a sensitive definition timely reporting system required. A (e.g. may too broad, however, assess impact additional criteria necessary. As country nears elimination, predictive value any case will fall confirmation always target policy appropriately. Serological another method estimating incidence. This useful B as tests can distinguish from natural infection prevalent cases. impact, age-coded specimens collected an intermittent basis. Where incidence low, this approach very expensive. Surveillance therefore requires flexible which adapt changes in control policy. use multiple sources supportive information special studies essential valid interpretation routine data.