Adaptation of Trichinella spp. for survival in cold climates

摘要: Abstract Parasites of the genus Trichinella are a complex at least 12 taxa with broad geographic range, including, Africa, Americas, Asia, Australasia and Europe, host spectrum encompassing mammals, birds reptiles. These entozoic parasites complete their life cycle in only one host; however, there several biological epidemiological features, which suggest that environmental temperature moisture influence circulation these nematodes nature. An important adaptation parasites, facilitates transmission, is physiological mechanism utilized by muscle larvae to promote survival decaying carcasses. The greater persistence larval viability, higher probability being ingested scavenging host. metabolism basically anaerobic favoring its tissues. putrefying flesh is, course, also determined high humidity low temperatures. This condition has been proposed as environment “free-living” stage, resembling egg stage most other nematode species. importance this natural underscored nativa, T6 and, lesser degree, britovi frozen muscles carrions for months up years. Survival greatest temperatures between 0 °C − 20 °C. At lower temperatures, time reduced rapidly, suggesting optimal range freezing corresponds under snow. subnivean climate characterized stable near because heat released from soil trapped thermal conductivity spp. cold climates six intrinsic extrinsic factors. three represents concern food safety humans consuming game meat. change certainly will circulating climates, due increasing temperature, decreasing snow cover, exposure stress. A reduction distribution area T. nativa T6, an advance toward north can be expected.