Intra-ply shear locking in finite element analyses of woven fabric forming processes

摘要: This study was motivated by the observation of physically unrealistic wrinkles, named spurious seen in finite element simulations diaphragm forming woven fabrics. Essential intra-ply shear modes for 4-node and 3-node shell elements were investigated. When these essential modes, which show dependency on mesh orientations, are not fully implemented, stiffness an may be overestimated. The phenomenon is termed locking. It explains wrinkles simulations. A simple remedy, based aligned meshes, suggested to eliminate locking problem. effectiveness remedy demonstrated small patches, a bias extension test 3-ply cup.