The certification of smallpox eradication and implications for guinea worm, poliomyelitis, and other diseases: confirming and maintaining a negative.

摘要: Abstract Rigorous, independent, confirmation of disease eradication is necessary to assure credibility the claimed accomplishment. The criteria and procedures for formal certification global freedom are based on biological epidemiological features pathogen its manifestations. Certification activities by previously endemic at-risk countries include comprehensive documentation focusing surveillance, reports national independent review groups, special field surveys. National regional results reviewed authoritative International Commissions (ICs) which verify findings visits. ICs present their an WHO-convened group (“Global Commission” smallpox), members participate in When fully satisfied, Global Commission makes conclusions recommendations World Health Assembly (WHA). Smallpox was confirmed eradicated 1980 WHA less than three years after last naturally occurring case detected. Dracunculiasis (guinea worm) has been certified 187 countries. Regional commissions have Americas, Asia, Europe polio-free; however, re-establishment foci declared disease-free created challenges completing this program. Post-eradication require attention maximum security microbial agent, essential research maintenance freedom.