Palaeo-digital elevation models for use as boundary conditions in coupled ocean–atmosphere GCM experiments: a Maastrichtian (late Cretaceous) example

摘要: Abstract Palaeogeography (specifically palaeotopography and palaeobathymetry) provides an essential boundary condition for computer-based atmosphere ocean modelling. It also the geographic context understanding surface processes (palaeodrainage, palaeoweathering) biotic interactions (palaeoecology, palaeobiogeography). With increased model resolution, coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation models (GCMs) addition of vegetation, soil (weathering), ice chemical modules, there is now a need more robust, detailed palaeotopographies palaeobathymetries that are fully integrated with being modelled, especially hydrological system. Here, we present new information system (GIS)-based, hydrologically correct, palaeo-digital elevation (DEM) Maastrichtian (late Cretaceous). We describe methods concepts used to construct map, draw attention limits imposed by scale uncertainty, how these factors must be considered as part error analysis derived results. The underlying palaeogeography one series 27 global maps represent stages Cretaceous sub-epochs Cenozoic. Each map generated at 1:30 million in ArcView® GIS ArcInfo™, using data from lead author's own databases lithologic, tectonic fossil information, lithologic Paleogeographic Atlas Project (The University Chicago), survey published literature, DSDP/ODP data. Interpretations following outlined Ziegler et al. (Ziegler, A.M., Rowley, D.B., Lottes, A.L., Sahagian, D.L., Hulver, M.L., Gierlowski, T.C., 1985. interpretation: example Mid-Cretaceous. Annual Review Earth Planetary Sciences, 13: 385–425), regime evolution each feature, age–depth relationship ocean. palaeo-DEM was contours paleogeography suite tools available ArcInfo™ GRID. has been constrained defining areas internal palaeodrainage, palaeoriver mouths known courses. completed first provide conditions atmosphere–ocean experiments. When results model, result powerful tool important step towards development continuous representing evolving palaeolandscape.