The effect of menthol containing cigarettes on adult smokers' exposure to nicotine and carbon monoxide.

摘要: There is limited information comparing biomarkers of exposure (BOE) to cigarette smoke in menthol (MS) and non-menthol smokers (NMS). Objective: To compare BOE nicotine carbon monoxide MS NMS. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational, ambulatory, multi-centre study 3341 adult smokers. Nicotine equivalents (NE) 24 h urine, NE/cigarette, COHb serum cotinine were measured. Statistical analyses included analysis variance Wilcoxon test. Results: Analyses revealed no statistically significant effects mentholated cigarettes on NE/24 h, COHb, NE/cigarette. On average smoked 15.0 NMS 16.8 cigarettes/day. The unadjusted mean differences as follows: had lower NE/24 h (5.4%) (3.2%), higher (3.0%) NE/cigarette (5.7%) than African-Americans 40% fewer cigarettes, showed (24%) (10%) NE/cig (29%) (8%) levels their White counterparts. Conclusions: Smoking does not increase daily constituents measured by NE COHb. These findings are consistent with the majority epidemiological studies indicating difference smoking related risks between