Factors influencing upper respiratory tract illness incidence in athletes : the important role of vitamin D

摘要: Firstly, the aims of study were to investigate influences various factors, sex differences, Cytomegalovirus/Epstein-Barr virus (CMV/EBV) serostatus and vitamin D concentrations on respiratory illness incidence immune function during winter months in a student cohort endurance athletes. In Chapter 3, findings concur with recent reports at major competitive games which indicate that female athletes may be more susceptible than their male counterparts upper tract (URTI) symptoms lower oral-respiratory mucosal immunity may, part, account for this. It was also found previous coinfection CMV EBV might promote protective surveillance risk URTI. addition, it can concluded low plasma have higher URTI suffer severe when is present. This due impaired systemic as secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) secretion, cathelicidin levels antigen-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production appear increased by D-dependent mechanisms. A series follow-up studies conducted examine effect 4, reported influence circulating cytokines different compared non-athletes both anti-inflammatory multi-antigen stimulated whole blood culture not influenced 1,25-dihydroxy (1, 25(OH)2D) iconcentrations within normal healthy range. 5, 5000 IU D3 supplementation daily appears beneficial up-regulating expression SIgA training period. Nevertheless, 6 showed there no significant effects status 4-week period high does salivary antimicrobial protein (AMP) responses prolonged exercise. conclusion, this thesis demonstrated factors (sex CMV/EBV concentrations) susceptibility among Moreover, suggested could positive lead decreased infections.