Production of ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) A novel nuclear fuel

摘要: Abstract Condensation of hydrogen Rydberg atoms (highly electronically excited) into the lowest energy state condensed i.e. ultra-dense phase, H(0), has gained increased attention not only from fundamental aspects but also applied point view. The physical properties H(0) were recently reviewed (Physica Scripta 2019 https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ab1276 ), summarizing results reported in 50 publications during last ten years. main application so far is as fuel and working medium nuclear particle generators fusion reactors which are under commercial development. first process showing sustained operation above break-even was published 2015 (AIP Advances) used deuterium D(0) fuel. generator giving a high-intensity muon flux intended for muon-catalyzed patented 2017, using medium. Here, we focus on different processes isotopes generation, then detailed formation H(0). production employs heterogeneous catalysts active transfer reactions. Iron oxide-based, alkali promoted function well, platinum group metals carbon surfaces this process. clusters highly excited H(l) formed upon interaction with matter. final conversion step ordinary matter to spontaneous does require solid surface. It concluded that exact choice catalyst very important. crucial feature provide at sufficiently high surface density way enabling desorption clusters. Finally, relation industrial catalytic use described some important consequences like neutron radiation discussed.