COSTS AND BENEFITS OF EARLY REPRODUCTION: HAEMOPROTEUS PREVALENCE AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF INFECTED MALE PIED FLYCATCHERS IN A MONTANE HABITAT IN CENTRAL SPAIN

摘要: Laying date is a key factor in avian reproductive ecology. Benefits of early breeding are important terms output. Costs mainly associated to weather adversities at stages the season. As males arrive earlier than females, they may face these more frequently and therefore suffer higher costs We studied potential association between prevalence infection by Haemoproteus, condition age with phenology male pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca montane population central Spain. Early benefited from greater success, but have paid marked seasonal relapse Haemoproteus infections.