History and Status of Wild Ungulate Populations on the Northern Yellowstone Range

摘要: On the Ground • Native bison and elk co-dominate assemblage of wild ungulates on Northern Range, one largest most diverse assemblages in western hemisphere. The population Range 2018 is 30% larger than natural, primeval population. 10 times (1,000%) It unlikely that populations inside Yellowstone National Park will be reduced by increased predation wolves, grizzly bears, or mountain lions because these carnivores are to increase - they controlled currently intraspecific competition for territory. Service policy requires human intervention (i.e., active management) when unnaturally high numbers native animals their negative impacts caused humans. today resulted from modern-day management decisions based a misguided paradigm did not acknowledge ecological importance hunting Americans. We suggest personnel work collaboratively with federal, tribal, state, private partners develop an adaptive strategy purposely restore sizes.