The Evolution of the Stem Cell Theory for Heart Failure

摘要: Various stem cell-based approaches for cardiac repair have achieved encouraging results in animal experiments, often leading to their rapid proceeding clinical testing. However, freewheeling evolutionary developments of the cell theory might lead dystopian scenarios where heterogeneous sources therapeutic cells could promote mixed outcomes un-stratified patient populations. This review focuses on lessons that should be learnt from first generation strategies and emphasizes absolute requirement better understand basic mechanisms biology cardiogenesis. We will also discuss about unexpected "big bang" theory, "blasting" unchallenged ability release paracrine factors such as extracellular membrane vesicles. Paradoxically, natural evolution regeneration may end with development cell-free multiple cellular targets including cardiomyocytes but other infiltrating or resident cells.