作者: Fred L. Bunnell , Elke Wind , Mark Boyland
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摘要: We consider density and degree of aggregation dead wood. Cavity nesters as a group respond asymptotically to snag attain half their maximum at about 2.4 large snags/hectare. However, individual species show different responses, there is no apparent effect territoriality among smaller species. Dispersed retention trees snags strongly favors secondary cavity increases abundance above that found in mature or old-growth forests; patches favor primary nesters. Despite good operational biological reasons for patchwise wood, are negative effects on some