Offspring Microbiomes Differ Across Breeding Sites in a Panmictic Species.

摘要: High dispersal rates are known to homogenize host's population genetic structure in panmictic species and disrupt host local adaptation the environment. Long-distance might also spread micro-organisms across large geographical areas. However, so far, which extent selection mechanisms that shape genetics mirrored of enteric microbiome remains unclear. horizontal parental transfer may bacterial communities between breeding sites (homogeneous hypothesis). Alternatively, strong from environment differentiate (heterogeneous Furthermore, age-specific environmental or physiological factors juveniles adults. Here, we analyzed cloacal 16S rRNA gene fledgling greater flamingos, Phoenicopterus roseus, nine western Mediterranean four seasons (n = 731) adult birds 27) a single site. We found microbiome, as measured by alpha diversity, beta relative abundance assigned sequence variants (ASVs) belonging phylum genus composition within phylum, varied significantly sampling time site despite high rates. The spatio-temporal effects were stronger on individual ASV absence/presence than (i.e., core composition). Spatial had effect temporal effects, particularly abundance. Our study supports heterogeneous hypothesis whereby conditions select communities, thus countering homogenizing high-dispersing species. In addition, differences vs. samples suggests and/or result differential pressure age classes, even same particular, Corynebacterium, associated with both seasonal fat uptake migration previous studies, was much more abundant fledglings resident To conclude, cannot be extended has important implications regarding our understanding genetics.