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摘要: This paper reports the development of a maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) method for photovoltaic (PV) systems under partially shaded conditions using firefly algorithm. The major advantages proposed are simple computational steps, faster convergence, and its implementation on low-cost microcontroller. scheme is studied two different configurations PV arrays partial performance compared with traditional perturb observe (P&O) particle swarm optimization (PSO) identical conditions. improved algorithm in terms efficiency speed validated through simulation experimental studies.