Quantifying the place of karst aquifers in the groundwater to surface water continuum: A time series analysis study of storm behavior in Pennsylvania water resources

摘要: Summary Though karst aquifers have commonly been identified, with respect to their behavior, as intermediate between ground and surface water, putative location these end members is generally descriptive rather than quantitative. Autocorrelation spectral analysis of data from four springs, three wells, eight stream gauges in Pennsylvania illustrate that specific water resources exhibit widely varying inertia lag times overlap those groundwater water. When analyzed the frequency domain, same reveal distinctive patterns for each type resource. The springs display characteristic ranging 5 25 days, compared 1–10 days streams 11–46 days wells. Physically, waters may behave a mix porous media, fracture, open-channel flow, but temporal terms balance this results range system behaviors periodicities evident aquifers. In manifested slow flow paths gradual fall-off at lower quick flattening high-frequency. Our comparison across different time periods revealed period considered can strong effects on results. One spring displayed 12 25 days two spans. To directly compare over relatively short scales, precipitation inputs must be similar sets cover period; otherwise, substantial differences due collection input characteristics. This limitation less when are domain.