Kidney stones and congenital diseases of the kidney

摘要: The normal serum calcium is 2.5mmol/l (or 10mg%); of this, half ionized, some 40% bound to the proteins, and 10% complexed with citrate or other organic anions. So ionized 1.25 mmol/1 concentration in extracellular fluids just below this at 1.0 mmol/1(10−3M). In actual cytoplasm cells only 10−5M, for have both ability actively extrude calcium, alternatively regulate level cytosol by an energy-dependent uptake into mitochondria. Phosphate moves likewise. Conversely, if taken up mitochondria independently phosphate, hydrogen ions are then secreted cytosol.