Correction of instrumental biases in historical sea surface temperature data

摘要: We describe a physically based empirical technique for correcting historical sea surface temperature measurements time-varying biases. The corrections are on models of heat and moisture transfers from uninsulated (canvas) partially insulated (wooden) buckets exposed deck. One the canvas bucket is tested using board ship published wind-tunnel measurements. method gives geographically seasonally varying bias through period 1856 to 1941. fairly insensitive uncertainties such as size or details its exposure A discussion history observations provides background procedure. The resulting globally averaged increase 0.11 degC in 0.42 by 1940. compatible with recent made at errors buckets. Global hemispheric time series corrected night marine air data show good agreement: more detailed verifications will be reported elsewhere.