Boundary effects. Refraction of a particle beam.

摘要: The refraction of light at an interface is familiar as a rainbow or the 'bending' pencil in glass water. Here we show that particles can also be refracted and even totally internally reflected, evidenced by electron beam 28.5 × 109 volts being deflected more than milli-radian upon exiting passive boundary between plasma gas — bent away from normal to interface, just like leaving medium higher refractive index. This phenomenon could lead replacement magnetic kickers fast optical particle accelerators, for example, compact magnet-less storage rings which beams are guided fibre optics.