作者: Aly Shalaby , Amulya K. Saxena
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00964-9_8
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摘要: Moulding today’s surgeon goes beyond technical skills to build depth of knowledge, professional values and the ability work in a multidisciplinary environment. Minimal access surgery (MAS) has integrated itself all aspects operating which involves comprehensive preoperative skill development. Training therein moved outside theatre laboratories with simulators guises: real, virtual combinations thereof. Designing surgical MIS training is challenge. It should be based on acquisition knowledge operative progressive complexity. While it easier assess versus nontechnical one (e.g. thought processes), objective measures that evaluate MAS can quite complex.