摘要: Transverse electromagnetic waves that propagate along a uniform magnetic field in an unbounded, thermally anisotropic plasma are investigated. The linearized Vlasov equation is solved to obtain the dispersion relation for electron‐ and ion‐cyclotron waves. This used determine critical frequencies wavenumbers below which wave unstable. electron‐cylotron unstable T⊥e > Tze. Numerical solutions growth damping rates of obtained from show maximum rate occurs at frequency slightly marginally stable frequency. For wave, both ion electron thermal anisotropy included, cold electrons shown have stabilizing influence on wave; however, when anisotropic, they destabilizing effect