Why leveraging sex differences in immune trade‐offs may illuminate the evolution of senescence

摘要: The immune system affects senescence (declines in probabilities of survival or reproduction with age), by shaping late age vulnerability to chronic inflammatory diseases and infections. It is also a dynamic interactive that must balance competing demands across the life course. Thus, function remains an important frontier understanding evolution senescence.Here, we review our expanding mechanistic over course, context theoretical predictions from life-history evolution. We are especially interested stage- sex-dependent costs benefits investment system, given differential priorities stages sexes.We introduce likely govern allocation then discuss expectations for differences between sexes their consequences terms how both modulated may modulate senescence, building on information theory, experimental immunology demography.We argue sex provide potentially powerful probe selection pressures In particular, 'competing' 'caring' have evolved tree life, providing repeated instances divergent occurring within same overall bauplan.We conclude detailing agenda future research, including development under array existing models immunity, empirical tests such life. A free http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13458/suppinfo can be found Supporting Information this article.