Evaluation of three repellents for the prevention of damage to olive seedlings by deer

摘要: The method used most extensively in Europe to prevent damage due browsing of woody plants consists shelter pipes made plastic material or net. This system, however, is not practical for such as olive trees where it desirable the branches develop more than trunk. For this reason, an area with a high deer (Dama dama) population, three liquid repellents were tested their ability by cervids seedlings (Olea europaea). Tree Guard and Eutrofit reduced percentage browsed respect control statistically significant extent through third week (54.5 40.9% reduction, respectively), while Hot Sauce, differences did reach significance after first week. also able reduce level entire eight period test, Sauce differ from manner. use repellent substances caused groves therefore seems possible strategy under conditions medium low density animals. was economical product point view cost effectiveness.