SYSTEMATICS OF GRATELOUPIA FILICINA (HALYMENIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA), BASED ON rbcL SEQUENCE ANALYSES AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE, INCLUDING THE REINSTATEMENT OF G. MINIMA AND THE DESCRIPTION OF G. CAPENSIS SP. NOV.

摘要: Grateloupia filicina (C. Agardh) Lamouroux, originally described from the Mediterranean Sea, has long been considered a textbook example of marine red alga with cosmopolitan distribution. An rbcL-based molecular phylogeny, encompassing samples covering entire geographic distribution species, revealed plethora "cryptic" whereby presence genuine G. is limited to basin. The phylogeny strong biogeographic imprint, specimens temperate regions resolved in clades composed species inhabiting same region. Presence widely divergent morphologies indicated that several lineages have converged independently filicina-type morphology. Tropical representatives are single clade very uniform morphology and pairwise sequence divergences lower than average divergence observed lineages. This, combined lack clear structure among tropical lineages, may indicate more recent long-range dispersal capacities. Violations signal seemed be due either inadequate taxonomy or introductions. minima P. & H. Crouan, taxon placed synonymy under filicina, reinstated as separate distributed northeast Atlantic Ocean. capensis sp. nov. accommodate South Africa morphology, var. luxurians elevated status. Morphological anatomical characters were put forward support distinctiveness these three distinct species.