No Vacancy: How Beneficial Microbes Cooperate with Immunity To Provide Colonization Resistance to Pathogens

摘要: The mammalian intestine harbors a community of trillions microbes, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which coevolved with host in mutually beneficial relationship. Among numerous microbial species, certain commensal bacteria are to provide health benefits when administered adequate amounts and, such, labeled "probiotics." We review some mechanisms by probiotics and other commensals colonization resistance pathogens. battle for similar nutrients bacterial secretion antimicrobials direct means competition between harmful microbes. Beneficial microbes can also indirectly diminish pathogen stimulating development innate adaptive immunity, well function mucosal barrier. Altogether, we gather present evidence that cooperate immunity an effort shut out