Laccases—properties and applications

摘要: Abstract The cost-effective transformation of nonfood lignocellulose could revolutionize agriculture and reshape the bioeconomy, while maintaining biodiversity, minimizing agriculture’s environmental footprint, conserving fresh water. Lignin is second most abundant naturally produced organic polymer on Earth. It a highly complex, heterogeneous, three-dimensional aromatic that recalcitrant to biodegradation. In lignin, links with cellulose hemicellulose create barrier lignocellulosic enzymes. Lignin-modifying enzyme (LME)-types laccases are by white-rot fungi as products secondary metabolism, since lignin degradation does not provide any energy fungus. LME-types have also been reported for some species bacteria. Laccases belong so-called blue-copper family oxidases. laccase catalyzes oxidation paradiphenols, aminophenols, polyphenols, polyamines, aryl diamines, well inorganic ions. During this reaction, one molecule atmospheric oxygen reduced two molecules water, so catalysis taking place via transfer four electrons per round catalysis. Laccase able catalyze nonphenolic units (C4-esterified) radicals, during reaction acts mediator. need capacity produce large volumes active can be met use recombinant organisms or screening natural hypersecretory strains. This chapter concludes properties applications implications degradation.