Demand Response Control of Space Heating in Three Different Building Types in Finland and Germany

摘要: Demand response has been noted as a major element of future smart energy systems. However, there is still lack knowledge about the demand actions in different conditions—including climate, dynamic price, and building types. This study examines cost saving potential rule-based district heating network, three types, Germany Finland. The studied types are apartment buildings, cultural centers, office buildings. real-time pricing-based applied to space under climate conditions Helsinki, Finland Hamburg, Germany. Moreover, typical synthetic price data, which based on both counties’ production structure, separately for each countries’ cases. Simulations this conducted with validated simulation tool IDA ICE. results present that can provide savings around 0.5–7.7% 0.7–8.1% respectively, depending type country. indicate marginal value control signal, conditions, have effect potential. Flatter profile provides less than more fluctuating profile.