Ocean currents modify the coupling between climate change and biogeographical shifts

摘要: Biogeographical shifts are a ubiquitous global response to climate change. However, observed across taxa and geographical locations highly variable only partially attributable climatic conditions. Such outcomes result from the interaction between local changes other abiotic biotic factors operating species ranges. Among them, external directional forces such as ocean air currents influence dispersal of nearly all marine many terrestrial organisms. Here, using meta-dataset range species, we show that incorporating agreement flow significantly increases proportion explained variance. We propose simple metric measures degrees (or air) with thermal gradients considers effects in predictions climate-driven shifts. Ocean flows found both facilitate hinder depending on their spatial temperature. Further, shaped by (trailing, leading or centroid) taxonomic identity species. These results support distribution stress importance framing expectations reference non-climatic interacting factors.