Parsimonious spatial representation of tropical soils within dynamic, rainfall-runoff models

摘要: Introduction Models are used increasingly to simulate hydrological processes within tropical regions. There is now a wealth of publications addressing evaporation modelling (particularly wet-canopy evaporation) local areas forest in, for example, Niger (Gash et al., 1997), Guyana (Jetten, 1996), Puerto Rico (Schellekens 1999), Columbia (Marin 2000) and Indonesia (Asdak 1999; van Dijk Bruijnzeel, 2001). Elsewhere in this volume, Roberts al. provide an overview modelling. Other studies have addressed the impact such on regional climates global circulation (e.g. Polcher Laval, 1994; Zeng, Zeng Neelin, Zheng New using time-series models highlighting effects cycles rainfall, as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) evaporation, riverflow water quality Chappell 2001; Krishnaswamy Whitaker Chappell, Tych volume). Similarly, that generation from rainfall received by catchment also beginning be applied more frequently. These include: Metric-conceptual waterflow, based upon transfer functions. For application DBM approach nested system Malaysian Borneo (Chappell 1999a) IHACRES large Thai basin (Scoccimarro 1999). Conceptual waterflow stores pre-determined empirical relationships. Nash model Kenyan catchments (Onyando Sharma, 1995), Modhydrolog (Chiew Reservoir-Water-Balance-Simulation Namibian (Hughes Metzler, 1998), HBV-96 (discussed Barnes Bonell, volume) Zimbabwe, Tanzania Bolivia (Liden Harlin, 2000).