Management of peripheral arterial disease.

摘要: Peripheral arterial disease is common, but the diagnosis frequently overlooked because of subtle physical findings and lack classic symptoms. Screening based on ankle brachial index using Doppler ultrasonography may be more useful than examination alone. Noninvasive modalities to locate lesions include magnetic resonance angiography, duplex scanning, hemodynamic localization. Major risk factors for peripheral are cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, older age (older 40 years), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocystinemia. Nonsurgical therapy intermittent claudication involves risk-factor modification, exercise, pharmacologic therapy. Based available evidence, a supervised exercise program most effective treatment. All patients with should undergo aggressive control blood pressure, sugar intake, lipid levels. strategies help quit such as counseling nicotine replacement, used. Effective drug therapies aspirin (with or without dipyridamole), clopidogrel, cilostazol, pentoxifylline.