Low dose radiation : biological bases of risk assessment

摘要: Part 1 Review of current status Japanese A-bomb study: the new radiation dosimetry for A-bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki dose system induced cancer risks among survivors radiation-related damage to developing human brain genetic effects atomic bombs - problems extrapolating from somatic cell findings risk children estimation extrapolation low doses, use relative models, other uncertainties. 2 epidemiological studies: studies irradiated utero epidemiologic on uranium miners groups exposed radon carcinogenesis following medical uses ionising internally deposited radium thorotrast evidence mammalian low-level irradiation. 3 Risk projection models: models projecting BEIR V report role inhomogeneity biological dose-response absolute mortality ankylosing spondylitis patients epistemiological limits assessments at doses. 4 Animal influence physical factors experimental animals age, sex is a dose/response relationship valid concept induction leukaemia by bone-seeking alpha-emitting radionuclides irradiation lymph nodes after deposition radioactive particles lung. 5 Sensitive population: ill health, abnormal cytotoxicity aberrant DNA metabolism radiosensitive individuals population determination proportion persons population-at-large who ehhibit sensitivity ionizing radiation. 6 Radiation lung: requirements local evaluation inhomogeneously organs lung tumour mice X-rays neutrons. 7 Epidemiology foetus. 8 Molecular biology transformation. 9 quality. 10 Reverse rate effect.