Tegumentary leishmaniasis and coinfections other than HIV.

摘要: Background Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is a disease of skin and/or mucosal tissues caused by Leishmania parasites. TL patients may concurrently carry other pathogens, which influence the clinical outcome TL. Methodology and principal findings This review focuses on frequency coinfections in human populations, interactions between pathogens animal models subjects, implications for practice. For purpose this review, defined as all forms cutaneous (localised, disseminated, or diffuse) mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection, superinfection with bacteria, manifestations visceral are not included. We searched MEDLINE databases included 73 records: 21 experimental studies animals 52 about subjects (mainly cross-sectional case studies). Several reports describe Trypanosoma cruzi coinfection Argentina (about 41%) helminthiasis Brazil (15% to 88%). Different hypotheses have been explored mechanisms interaction different microorganisms, but no clear answers emerge. Such involve innate immunity coupled regulatory networks that affect quality quantity acquired immune responses. Diagnostic problems occur when concurrent infections cause similar lesions (e.g., leprosy), present same Sporothrix schenckii), similarities phylogenetically close accuracy diagnostic tests serology Chagas disease). Some helminthiasis) appear reduce effectiveness antileishmanial treatment, drug combinations cumulative adverse effects. Conclusions significance In TL, frequent, it can lead errors delays, safety treatment. More research needed unravel how interfere pathogenesis TL.