Efficacy of mechanical debridement with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis among moderate cigarette-smokers and waterpipe-users.

摘要: Abstract Objective The aim was to assess the efficacy of mechanical debridement (MD) with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in treatment peri-implantitis among cigarette-smokers waterpipe-users. Materials methods Patients diagnosed were included. Demographic data collected using a questionnaire. Individuals test- control-groups underwent MD aPDT alone, respectively. Peri-implant clinical (plaque-index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP] depth [PD]) radiographic (crestal bone loss [CBL]) inflammatory parameters measured at baseline 6- 12-months follow-up. Sample-size estimation performed, statistical analysis done. P-values Results Ninety-eight male patients (34 cigarette-smokers, 32 waterpipe-users never-smokers) At baseline, there no difference peri-implant PI, PD CBL all groups; BOP levels significantly high never-smokers (n = 16) (P  Conclusion is effective for peri-implantitis. Routine oral hygiene maintenance plays role overall success or