European Union Energy: New Role for States and Markets

摘要: The European Union (EU) is among the world’s largest integrated energy markets and now in transition towards Europeanization of its policies. EU policy currently searching for optimal regulatory framework. previous overly market-based ideology rapidly changing to a more interventionist based on public intervention security supply and, increasingly, also environmental purposes. method being (partially) replaced by stronger sector involvement solidarity between member states. Since fail deliver security, despite economic theory suggesting that they could, states step provide state responses threats. This visible many areas law policy, infrastructure investments one them. Here, mechanism make investment decisions ‘solidarity’ examples. Similarly, push renewable role play markets. Despite claiming be system, this area business driven subsidies. final where into name environment becomes particularly concerns shale gas exploration activities sustainability considerations.