Frequency and Origin of Chromosome Abnormalities in Man

摘要: During the past 25 years human cytogenetics has changed from a highly specialized academic discipline restricted to only few institutions rapidly expanding area of research and routine application involving hundreds laboratories. World-wide several millions individuals have now been karyotyped, perhaps more than any other species. This immense progress was based on at least three important methodological developments: 1. the introduction lymphocyte culture technique as an easily accessible source mitotic cells (Nowell 1960), 2. the improvement in preparing metaphase spreads by combination hypotonic solution pretreatment (Hsu 1952), air-drying (Rothfels Siminovitch 1958), and 3. the development various differential staining techniques which allowed identification each chromosome pair accurate delineation structural rearrangements (see Schwarzacher 1976; Comings 1978; Schweizer 1981 for re-view).