Social and Behavioural Factors in Cetacean Responses to Overexploitation: Are Odontocetes Less “Resilient” Than Mysticetes?
作者： Paul R. Wade , Randall R. Reeves , Sarah L. Mesnick
DOI: 10.1155/2012/567276
关键词:
摘要: Many severely depleted populations of baleen whales (Mysticeti) have exhibited clear signs recovery whereas there are few examples in toothed (Odontoceti). We hypothesize that this difference is due, at least part, to social and behavioural factors. Clearly, a part the lack resilience exploitation explained by odontocete life history. However, an additional factor may be highly nature many odontocetes which survival reproductive success depend on: (a) cohesion organization, (b) mutual defence against predators possible alloparental care, (c) inter-generational transfer “knowledge”, (d) leadership older individuals. found little evidence strong any examined. Their relatively low potential rates increase mean can over-exploited with take only percent per year. Exploitation effects beyond dynamics individual removals. Four species showed decrease birth following exploitation; mechanisms include deficit adult females, males, disruption mating systems. The for heavily exploited indicates management should more precautionary.
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