Carbohydrate availability and exercise training adaptation: Too much of a good thing?

摘要: Traditional nutritional approaches to endurance training have typically promoted high carbohydrate (CHO) availability before, during and after sessions ensure adequate muscle substrate meet the demands of daily intensities volumes. However, past decade, data from our laboratories others demonstrated that deliberately in conditions reduced CHO can promote training-induced adaptations human skeletal (i.e. increased maximal mitochondrial enzyme activities and/or content, rates lipid oxidation and, some instances, improved exercise capacity). Such led concept ‘training low, but competing high’ whereby selected are completed (so as adaptation), reserves restored immediately prior an important competition. The augmented response observed with training-low strategies is likely regulated by enhanced activation key cell signalling kinases (e.g. AMPK, p38MAPK), transcription factors p53, PPARδ) transcriptional co-activators PGC-1α), such a co-ordinated up-regulation both nuclear genomes occurs. Although optimal practical train low not currently known, consuming additional caffeine, protein, practising mouth-rinsing before may help rescue occur when low’, addition preventing protein breakdown maintaining immune function. Finally, athletes should practise ‘train-low’ workouts conjunction undertaken normal or so their capacity oxidise blunted on race day.