The opposition effect in the outer Solar system: A comparative study of the phase function morphology

摘要: Abstract In this paper, we characterize the morphology of disk-integrated phase functions satellites and rings around giant planets our solar system. We find that shape function is accurately represented by a logarithmic model [Bobrov, M.S., 1970. Physical properties Saturn's rings. In: Dollfus, A. (Ed.), Surfaces Interiors Planets Satellites. Academic, New York, pp. 376–461]. For practical purposes, also parametrize curves linear-exponential [Kaasalainen, S., Muinonen, K., Piironen, J., 2001. Comparative study on opposition effect icy system objects. Journal Quantitative Spectroscopy Radiative Transfer 70, 529–543] simple linear-by-parts [Lumme, Irvine, W.M., 1976. Photometry Astronomical 81, 865–893], which provides three morphological parameters: amplitude A half-width at half-maximum (HWHM) surge, slope S linear part larger angles. Our analysis demonstrates all these parameters are correlated with single-scattering albedos surfaces. By taking more into consideration finite angular size Sun, Galilean, Saturnian, Uranian Neptunian have similar HWHMs ( ≲ 0 . 5 ∘ ), whereas they wide range amplitudes The Moon has largest HWHM ∼ 2 ). interpret as consequence “solar bias”, via Sun varies dramatically from Earth to Neptune. applying new method attempts morphologically deconvolve size, young surfaces, active resurfacing, smallest values HWHM, dark objects (and perhaps older surfaces) such Moon, Nereid C ring HWHM. Comparison between multiple shows belonging same planet comparable surges. This can be interpreted “planetary environmental effect” acts locally modify regolith surface in environment.