Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Different Cigarette Brands in Jordan

作者: Adnan M. Massadeh , Feras Q. Alali , Qasem M. Jaradat

DOI: 10.1007/S10661-005-1609-5

关键词:

摘要: Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in different cigarette brands sold and/or produced Jordan were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). Average levels of Cd Pb 2.64 2.67 μ g g− 1 (DW), respectively. The results obtained this study estimate the average quantity inhaled from smoking one packet 20 cigarettes to be range 3.65–7.30 g. Results suggest that cigarettes, is estimated 0.74–2.22 significantly between tested. Our compared with other worldwide studies.

参考文章(19)
J. M. Ratcliffe, Lead in man and the environment. Lead in man and the environment.. ,(1981)
R. M. Harrison, D. P. H. Laxen, Lead pollution causes and control ,(1981)
Karl-Heinz Schulte-Schrepping, Magnus Piscator, Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. ,(2000) , 10.1002/14356007.A04_499
Tord Kjellström, Exposure and accumulation of cadmium in populations from Japan, the United States, and Sweden Environmental Health Perspectives. ,vol. 28, pp. 169- 197 ,(1979) , 10.1289/EHP.28-1637502
Herbert L. Needleman, Charles Gunnoe, Alan Leviton, Robert Reed, Henry Peresie, Cornelius Maher, Peter Barrett, Deficits in Psychologic and Classroom Performance of Children with Elevated Dentine Lead Levels New England Journal of Medicine. ,vol. 300, pp. 689- 695 ,(1979) , 10.1056/NEJM197903293001301
Edward E. Menden, Victor J. Elia, Leslie W. Michael, Harold G. Petering, Distribution of cadmium and nickel of tobacco during cigarette smoking Environmental Science & Technology. ,vol. 6, pp. 830- 832 ,(1972) , 10.1021/ES60068A008
D A Edelman, V L Roggli, The accumulation of nickel in human lungs. Environmental Health Perspectives. ,vol. 81, pp. 221- 224 ,(1989) , 10.1289/EHP.8981221
H. Mussalo-Rauhamaa, S. S. Salmela, A. Leppänen, H. Pyysalo, Cigarettes as a source of some trace and heavy metals and pesticides in man Archives of Environmental Health. ,vol. 41, pp. 49- 55 ,(1986) , 10.1080/00039896.1986.9935765
A G Shaper, S J Pocock, M Walker, C J Wale, B Clayton, H T Delves, L Hinks, Effects of alcohol and smoking on blood lead in middle-aged British men. BMJ. ,vol. 284, pp. 299- 302 ,(1982) , 10.1136/BMJ.284.6312.299
K KALCHER, W KERN, R PIETSCH, Cadmium and lead in the smoke of a filter cigarette The Science of The Total Environment. ,vol. 128, pp. 21- 35 ,(1993) , 10.1016/0048-9697(93)90177-8