Experimental food supplementation reveals habitat-dependent male reproductive investment in a migratory bird.

摘要: Environmental factors can shape reproductive investment strategies and influence the variance in male mating success. effects on extrapair paternity have traditionally been ascribed to aspects of social environment, such as breeding density synchrony. However, are often confounded with habitat quality challenging disentangle. We used both natural variation a food supplementation experiment separate availability—one key aspect quality—on (EPP) success black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens. High availability was associated higher within-pair (WPP) fledging two broods late season, but lower EPP. Food-supplemented males had WPP leading relative controls, when low-quality habitat, food-supplemented were more likely fledge less gain Our results demonstrate that affects trade-offs activities. When constraints reduced, invest at expense These findings imply environmental change could alter how individuals allocate their resources affect selective environment drives