Models of Geochemical Speciation: Structure and Applications

摘要: Being able to predict the behavior of trace elements in environment is crucial for environmental risk assessment studies. For this reason, modeling, addition experimental methods, has become an indispensable tool better understand (bio)-geochemistry and processes involved their availability, transport ecotoxicity. In chapter we briefly outline development geochemical modeling over time its basic principles. A comprehensive description state-of-the-art ion-binding surface complexation models presently available dissolved particulate organic matter, metal (hydr)oxides aluminum, iron, manganese silica clay minerals given. significant part dedicated application these studying waters soils. The most common model platforms used purpose together with (thermodynamic) databases parameters are summarized. two separate sections highlight assemblage (with submodels various adsorbents) describe element solid-solution partitioning speciation soils; here particular attention given derivation site-specific inputs concerning reactive content contents adsorbents (hydr)oxides, matter). Consideration therefore recent developments bio-geochemical link bioavailability, biotic accumulation toxicity. Finally, future prospects discussed, giving overview potential directions development.