Fungi Associated with Esca and Grapevine Declines in Spain : A Three-Year Survey

摘要: A survey of 140 vineyards in different production areas Spain was conducted from 1999 to 2001 to identify pathogenic grapevine wood fungi. Fungal infected vines showed esca and decline symptoms, consisting mainly of reduced growth canes shoots, yellowing necrotic spotting leaves, sectorial central brown necrosis of the trunk, soft rotted tissues discoloured xylem at base vines. Several fungi were consistently found associated with these symptoms: Botryosphaeria obtusa (isolated 61.4% all studied), Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (26.4%), Cylindrocarpon spp. (20%), Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (18.6%) and Fomitiporia punctata (15%) main found. Less frequently isolated species were: dothidea (6.4%), Eutypa lata (2.1%), Stereum hirsutum (1.4%). The association their role disease and declines, as well young grapevines are discussed.