Reconstruction of climate change during the Holocene in western and central Europe based on pollen records of indicator species

摘要: On the basis of distribution maps showing first pollen occurrences in Holocene well-known climate indicators Hedera, Ilex and Viscum as well data for Corylus, a series have been prepared that show summer winter isotherms at various time intervals during Holocene. From these curves Amsterdam, Netherlands set out. These were compared with Eemian same site. In both warm periods there is evidence increased seasonality early phases which relatively continental. Changes insolation could account such differences. Summer optima occurred earlier than optima. land-sea are important, especially regard to patterns climate. During latter half Eemian, was distinctly more oceanic Early Holocene, an influx ocean water resulted higher temperatures Gulf Biscay, Irish Sea, areas east Skagerrak-Kattegat. Temperature decline after climatic optimum greatest north, i.e. 60°N, where depression order 2°C 2–3°C occurred. less farther south, ca. 50°N, distinct west-east gradient temperature change can be observed.