Dynamic Geochemical Models to Assess Deposition Impacts of Metals for Soils and Surface Waters

摘要: This chapter describes the use of geochemical models to assess impacts deposition metals on concentrations in soils and surface waters. We describe three dynamic models: SMART2-metals, SMARTml CHUM-AM, each with their specific purpose geographical scale application. All include most relevant metal fluxes soil chemical processes, but various level detail related aim scale. The ability simulate long-term trends fate was assessed by comparing model results observations either present status, using hind cast simulations historical trends, or pools chronosequences afforested agricultural land different stand age, observed a monitoring study. show long times needed approach equilibrium due changes atmospheric metals, sulphur nitrogen. Dynamic are therefore indispensable tools for assessment at changing levels inputs soil-water systems.