摘要: A comprehensive treatment of the propagation low-frequency plane waves in a low β, homogeneous plasma magnetic field is based on two fluid equations without collision terms. The covers three lower frequency branches complete dispersion curves, extending up to electron cyclotron frequency. Dispersion curves for at an angle are given representative parameters, and simple expressions tabulated electric polarization ion mean velocities along each section these curves. physical reasons changes quantities with increasing wavenumber discussed branches.