Meaning and emotion in animal vocalizations.

摘要: Abstract: Historically, a dichotomy has been drawn between the semantic communication of human language and apparently emotional calls animals. Current research paints more complicated picture. Just as scientists have identified elements speech that reflect speaker's emotions, field experiments shown many animals provide listeners with information about objects events in environment. Like speech, therefore, animal vocalizations simultaneously others is both emotional. In support this conclusion, we review results on natural African vervet monkeys, diana baboons, suricates (a South mongoose). Vervet monkeys give acoustically distinct alarm response to presence leopards, eagles, snakes. Each call type elicits different, adaptive from nearby. Field demonstrate compare these not just according their acoustic properties but also they convey. different predators. Within each predator class, differ signaler's perception urgency. suricate convey information. The like those birds mammals, are individually distinctive. As result, when one baboon hears sequence exchanged two or individuals, listener acquires social its group. Baboons, moreover, skilled “eavesdroppers:” sequences provides evidence sophisticated acquire other individuals' vocalizations. Baboon males loud “wahoo” during competitive displays. vocalizations, highly caller's dominance rank, age, ability. Although encode information, at least fundamental respect. rich vocalization, callers do not, sense, intend it. Listeners an inadvertent consequence signaler behavior.