Hypometabolism as the ultimate defence in stress response: how the comparative approach helps understanding of medically relevant questions.

摘要: First conceptualized from breath-hold diving mammals, later recognized as the ultimate cell autonomous survival strategy in anoxia-tolerant vertebrates and burrowing or hibernating rodents, hypometabolism is typically recruited by resilient organisms to withstand recover otherwise life-threatening hazards. Through coordinated down-regulation of biosynthetic, proliferative electrogenic expenditures at times when little ATP can be generated, a metabolism turned 'down pilot light' allows re-balancing energy demand with supply greatly suppressed level response noxious exogenous stimuli seasonal endogenous cues. A unifying hallmark stress-tolerant organisms, adaptation effectively prevents lethal depletion ATP, thus delineating marked contrast susceptible species. Along disengaged macromolecular syntheses, attenuated transmembrane ion shuttling PO2 -conforming respiration rates, metabolic slowdown tolerant species usually culminates non-cycling, quiescent phenotype. However, such reprogramming also occurs leading human pathophysiologies. Ranging microbial infections through ischaemia-driven infarcts solid malignancies, cells involved these disorders may again invoke endure conditions non-permissive for growth. At same time, their reduced activities underlie frequent development general resistance therapeutic interventions. On other hand, controlled induction hypometabolic and/or hypothermic states pharmacological means has recently stimulated intense research aimed improved organ preservation patient in situations requiring acutely administered critical care. The current review article therefore presents an up-to-date survey concepts applications reversibly down-regulated rate defence stress responses.